historical description according to the directory in the file (1860): "Panja A musical instrument, similar to a mandolin, almost 3' long. At the top, where the pegs are, to which the strings are attached, a ram's head is carved, the main part of the instrument is made of a hollow calabash and covered with animal skin." Main catalogue original entry Leopold von Ledebur (1861): "Panja, 4-stringed string instrument, especially for death festivals for the song: Ananhitori."